Exclusion of Jews
Soon after Hitler took power, the drive began to exclude Jews from German sport and recreational facilities. 

Jewish athletes, barred from German sports clubs, flocked to separate Jewish associations, but Jewish sports facilities were no match for those of the well-funded German groups. Gretel Bergmann was a world-class high jumper who was expelled from her sports club in Ulm in 1933. Afterwards, she trained briefly with the Stuttgart branch of Der Schild (The Shield), a sports association organized under the auspices of the Jewish Association of War Veterans. 

Gretel Bergmann and members of her Jewish sports club make a handball field.
Bergmann (foreground, in black shirt) and other members of her Jewish sports club prepare to transform a former potato field into a handball field. 1933. Courtesy of Margaret (Gretel Bergmann) Lambert 

Photograph #14909

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